【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforPorosityinGoldandPalladiumCoatingsbySulfurousAcid/Sulfur-DioxideVapor
【原文标准名称】:用亚硫酸/SO2蒸汽测试金和钯镀层孔隙度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMB799-1995(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:B02.11
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:goldcoatings;goldplatings;palladiumcoatings;palladiumplatings;platingporosity;porecorrosiontest;porositytesting;sulfurdioxidetest;sulfurousacid/SO2test;Contactsurfaces;Contamination--coatings;Corrosion--electrodeposited
【摘要】:Goldcoatingsareoftenspecifiedforthecontactsofseparableelectricalconnectorsandotherdevices.Electrodepositsaretheformofgoldthatismostusedoncontacts,althoughitisalsoemployedasinlayorcladmetalandasweldmentsonthecontactsurface.Theintrinsicnobilityofgoldenablesittoresisttheformationofinsulatingoxidefilmsthatcouldinterferewithreliablecontactoperation.Palladiumcoatingsaresometimesspecifiedasalternativestogoldonelectricalcontactsandsimilarelectricalcomponentsurfaces,bothaselectrodepositsandasinlayorcladmetal.Thistestmethodisparticularlysuitablefordeterminingporosityinpalladiumcoatings,sincethereactiveatmospherethatisuseddoesnotattackthepalladiumifthespecifiedtestconditionsarefollowed.Incontrast,palladiumcoatingsareattackedbynitricacid(HNO3)andotherstrongoxidizingagents,sothatTestMethodB735cannotbeusedfordeterminingtheporosityinsuchcoatings.Inorderforthesecoatingstofunctionasintended,porosity,cracks,andotherdefectsinthecoatingthatexposebase-metalsubstratesandunderplatesmustbeminimalorabsent,exceptinthosecaseswhereitisfeasibletousethecontactsinstructuresthatshieldthesurfacefromtheenvironmentorwherecorrosioninhibitingsurfacetreatmentsforthedepositareemployed.Thelevelofporosityinthecoatingthatmaybetolerabledependsontheseverityoftheenvironmenttotheunderplateorsubstrate,designfactorsforthecontactdeviceliketheforcewithwhichitismated,circuitparameters,andthereliabilityofcontactoperationthatitisnecessarytomaintain.Also,whenpresent,thelocationofporesonthesurfaceisimportant.Iftheporesarefewinnumberandareoutsideofthezoneofcontactofthematingsurfaces,theirpresencecanoftenbetolerated.Methodsfordeterminingporesonacontactsurfacearemostsuitableiftheyenabletheirpreciselocationandnumberstobedetermined.Contactsurfacesareoftencurvedorirregularinshape,andtestingmethodsshouldbesuitableforthem.Inaddition,theseverityofporosity-determiningtestsmayvaryfromprocedurescapableofdetectingallporositytoproceduresthatdetectonlyhighlyporousconditions.Thepresenttestmethodiscapableofdetectingvirtuallyallporosityorotherdefectsthatcouldparticipateincorrosionreactionswiththesubstrateorunderplate.Thetestisrapid,simple,andinexpensive.Inaddition,itcanbeusedoncontactshavingcomplexgeometrysuchaspin-socketcontacts(althoughwithdeeprecessesitispreferredthatthecontactstructuresbeopenedtopermitreactionofthesulfurdioxidewiththeinteriorsignificantsurfaces).Therelationshipofporositylevelsrevealedbyparticularteststocontactbehaviormustbemadebytheuseroftheseteststhroughpracticalexperienceorbyjudgment.Thus,absenceofporosityinthecoatingmaybearequirementforsomeapplications,whileafewporesinthecontactzonemaybeacceptableforothers.Thistestisconsidereddestructiveinthatitrevealsthepresenceofporositybycontaminatingthesurfacewithcorrosionproductsandbyundercuttingthecoatingatporesitesorattheboundariesoftheunplatedareas.Anypartsexposedtothistestshallnotbeplacedinservice.Thistestisintendedtobeusedforquantitativedescriptionsofporosity(suchasnumberofporesperunitareaorpercontact)onlyoncoatingsthathaveaporedensitysufficientlylowthatthecorrosionsitesarewellseparatedandcanbereadilyresolved.Asageneralguidelinethiscanbeachievedforporedensitiesuptoabout100/cm2.Abovethisvaluethetestsareusefulforthequalitativedetectionandcomparisonsofporosity.Forthesepurposes,themeasurementarea
【英文标准名称】:Industrialcommunicationnetworks-Fieldbusspecifications-Part5-2:Applicationlayerservicedefinition-Type2elements(IEC61158-5-2:2007);EnglishversionEN61158-5-2:2008,onlyonCD-ROM
【原文标准名称】:工业通讯网络.现场总线规范.第5-2部分:应用层设备定义.2型元件.仅为CD-ROM
【标准号】:DINEN61158-5-2-2008
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2008-09
【实施或试行日期】:2008-09-01
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:应用层;应用;总线系统;总线;电路网络;通信;计算机应用;计算机控制;控制;控制设备;控制系统;控制工艺学;数据总线;数据通信;数据交换;数据传输线;数据连接系统;数据网络;数据处理;数据设备;数据传送;数据传输控制规程;定义;数字的;数字数据;数字工程;电子数据处理;电气工程;电子仪器;电子系统;英语;现场总线;制导系统;工业的;工业设施;信息交换;信息处理;信息技术;接口(数据处理);开放系统互连;操作技术;OSI;过程控制工程;设备;规范;规范(验收);传输媒质
【英文主题词】:Applicationlayer;Applications;Bussystems;Buses(dataprocessing);Circuitnetworks;Communication;Computerapplications;Computerizedcontrol;Control;Controlequipment;Controlsystems;Controltechnology;Databus;Datacommunication;Dataexchange;Dataline;Datalinksystem;Datanetwork;Dataprocessing;Dataservices;Datatransfer;Datatransmissioncontrolprocedures;Definition;Definitions;Digital;Digitaldata;Digitalengineering;EDP;Electricalengineering;Electronicinstruments;Electronicsystems;Englishlanguage;Fieldbus;Guidancesystems;Industrial;Industrialfacilities;Informationinterchange;Informationprocessing;Informationtechnology;Interfaces(dataprocessing);Opensystemsinterconnection;Operationaltechniques;OSI;Processcontrolengineering;Services;Specification;Specification(approval);Transmissionmedia
【摘要】:1.1OverviewThefieldbusapplicationlayer(FAL)providesuserprogramswithameanstoaccessthefieldbuscommunicationenvironment.Inthisrespect,theFALcanbeviewedasa“windowbetweencorrespondingapplicationprograms.”Thisstandardprovidescommonelementsforbasictime-criticalandnon-time-criticalmessagingcommunicationsbetweenapplicationprogramsinanautomationenvironmentandmaterialspecifictoType2fieldbus.Theterm“time-critical”isusedtorepresentthepresenceofatime-window,withinwhichoneormorespecifiedactionsarerequiredtobecompletedwithsomedefinedlevelofcertainty.Failuretocompletespecifiedactionswithinthetimewindowrisksfailureoftheapplicationsrequestingtheactions,withattendantrisktoequipment,plantandpossiblyhumanlife.ThisstandarddefinesinanabstractwaytheexternallyvisibleserviceprovidedbytheType2fieldbusapplicationlayerintermsofa)anabstractmodelfordefiningapplicationresources(objects)capableofbeingmanipulatedbyusersviatheuseoftheFALservice,b)theprimitiveactionsandeventsoftheservice;c)theparametersassociatedwitheachprimitiveactionandevent,andtheformwhichtheytake;andd)theinterrelationshipbetweentheseactionsandevents,andtheirvalidsequences.Thepurposeofthisstandardistodefinetheservicesprovidedto1)theFALuserattheboundarybetweentheuserandtheapplicationlayerofthefieldbusreferencemodel,and2)SystemsManagementattheboundarybetweentheapplicationlayerandSystemsManagementofthefieldbusreferencemodel.ThisstandardspecifiesthestructureandservicesoftheType2fieldbusapplicationlayer,inconformancewiththeOSIBasicReferenceModel(ISO/IEC7498)andtheOSIapplicationlayerstructure(ISO/IEC9545).FALservicesandprotocolsareprovidedbyFALapplication-entities(AE)containedwithintheapplicationprocesses.TheFALAEiscomposedofasetofobject-orientedapplicationserviceelements(ASEs)andalayermanagemententity(LME)thatmanagestheAE.TheASEsprovidecommunicationservicesthatoperateonasetofrelatedapplicationprocessobject(APO)classes.OneoftheFALASEsisamanagementASEthatprovidesacommonsetofservicesforthemanagementoftheinstancesofFALclasses.Althoughtheseservicesspecify,fromtheperspectiveofapplications,howrequestandresponsesareissuedanddelivered,theydonotincludeaspecificationofwhattherequestingandrespondingapplicationsaretodowiththem.Thatis,thebehavioralaspectsoftheapplicationsarenotspecified;onlyadefinitionofwhatrequestsandresponsestheycansend/receiveisspecified.1.2SpecificationsTheprincipalobjectiveofthisstandardistospecifythecharacteristicsofconceptualapplicationlayerservicessuitablefortime-criticalcommunications,andthussupplementtheOSIBasicReferenceModelinguidingthedevelopmentofapplicationlayerprotocolsfortime-criticalcommunications.Asecondaryobjectiveistoprovidemigrationpathsfrompreviously-existingindustrialcommunicationsprotocols.ItisthislatterobjectivewhichgivesrisetothediversityofservicesstandardizedasthevariousTypesofIEC61158,andthecorrespondingprotocolsstandardizedinsubpartsofIEC61158-6.Thisspecificationmaybeusedasthebasisforformalapplicationprogramminginterfaces.Nevertheless,itisnotaformalprogramminginterface,andanysuchinterfacewillneedtoaddressimplementationissuesnotcoveredbythisspecification,includinga)thesizesandoctetorderingofvariousmulti-octetserviceparameters,andb)thecorrelationofpairedrequestandconfirm,orindicationandresponse,primitives.
【中国标准分类号】:P76;N18
【国际标准分类号】:35_100_70;35_160
【页数】:190P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
基本信息
| 标准名称： | 分离式杂良碾米机 技术条件 |
| 中标分类： |
食品 >>
食品加工机械 >>
粮食与油脂加工机械 |
| 替代情况： | 转化为JB/T 9792.2-1999 |
| 发布日期： | |
| 实施日期： | 1997-10-01 |
| 首发日期： | |
| 作废日期： | |
| 出版日期： | |
| 页数： | 3页 |
适用范围
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前言
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引用标准
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所属分类： 食品 食品加工机械 粮食与油脂加工机械